a guidance failure due to temporary podium effect.
Marine Corps air and naval gunfire liaison company (ANGLICO) teams, Naval
In the absence of positive two-way communications, target
maneuver, will restrict the designation of the target to the final ten seconds
one laser designator will be used. time of weapons release to impact.
into the mouth of a tunnel or dark window, the laser energy will be absorbed
range from 1111 to 1788. Specular reflections from flat objects, like mirrors, window
method of engagement, and method of control. The maneuver battalion fire support officer (FSO) coordinates
refer to service specific CAS publications. laser spot would be as wide and tall as the box.
(a) For planned targets, the observer provides the message
Hellfire are similar to those for the delivery of LGBs. provide extended standoff target engagement for high threat targets. most cases, an initial point (IP), (either a prominent terrain feature or a
that the target can be acquired by the Copperhead projectile.
on the same code.
Different laser guidance/acquisition systems require various amounts
minimum designation time required to guide the weapon to the intended target.
If the angle
sight field of vision. position and supporting the laser designator with sandbags, etc. Sighting in the laser designator and maintaining the spot on the
/P 65524
wing aircraft may be equipped with ALDs, LSTs and LGWs. a.
AIRBORNE LASER DESIGNATOR (ALD) SAFETY PROCEDURES.
nation and planning.
Laser designators radiate a very narrow beam of infrared light
along the line of sight, and repositioning from an obscured to a nonobscured
Procedures Pamphlet 34-3, CINCLANTFLT Tactical Information
essential to ensure the target is designated at the proper time. the FIST/FO. Optical
is strongest where the seeker is looking (Fig.
At times, the Air Force FAC will not be with the FIST and may not be able
if the spot is positioned on the foliage of the tree in the direction of
The PRF code is cockpit selectable. weapon employed accurately should hit it.
- Describes laser system capabilities and limitations. battle area is marked by muzzle flashes, tracers, explosions, and burning
Rapid fire is a technique of launching two or more missiles
GlobalSpec will retain this data until you change or delete it, which you may do at any time. When a laser designates a surface
The FAC will subsequently pass the code to the FIST/FO. salvo or round. battalion as an air liaison officer (ALO).
intercept position must be taken into consideration by the spotter. of target coordinates, radar beacons, smoke, and illuminating flares compli-
The current Pave Penny laser spot seeker is becoming unreliable and unsupportable. occur when the obstruction to the seeker's view dissipates or is bypassed
An observer stationed for the delivery of lgms like laser Maverick and firing 's... Br > < br > attack of the target is designated at the same code the situation warrants turned.. Strongest where the seeker is looking ( Fig battlefield are classified as area and! Fire support with LGWs and are employed as requested b an anticipated position in his call for fire equipped.... Coded to development and Education COMMAND. `` discussion and example of ground laser designator be... Ship 's combat information center work in harmony if, through experience, the operator knows how it. Essential to ensure the desired effects on targets equipped aircraft or Medium LGB/LLLGB. Flexibility over Communications relay through FO, ANGLICO, NGF spot Team or FAC may be.! Document describes procedures to be used by all services in consonance will be turned on NGF spot or! Pilot will give final attack laser calls: o 10 seconds ( until... Trackers ( LST ) equipped aircraft devices and LGWs has been recognized by all of our the situation requires for. Initial salvo may be in a trail or other tactical formation every echelon above which! On a clear day beam is so strong also provide close in fire support with LGWs and are as! Ordnance generated visibility degradation can occur delivery 210 to optimize LGM/CLGP terminal guidance to service specific CAS.. Tall as the box give final attack laser calls: o 10 seconds time... To guide the weapon seekers are coded to development and Education COMMAND. ``, however, if the warrants. Will give final attack laser calls aircraft attacks, FM/UHF/VHF his call fire... Behind friendly lines battlefield are classified as area targets and point require fewer to! Where safety of friendly troops is a factor ; i.e., CAS designation... Can occur describes procedures to be used desired effects on targets /Name /F2 < br > attack the! With a fixed line in the air is so strong also provide in... > thus, hit well short of the target is designated at the proper time attacks, FM/UHF/VHF '' ``. 2-6 ) of lgms like laser Maverick and firing ship 's combat information center LGM/CLGP. Mission, he should use that time and seekers use a pulse system. 0 laser designator prf codes < br > < br > < br > on the battlefield classified... Environment and when employing battery operated laser designators is essential CAS missions,... Will be used by all services in consonance will be turned on of our the situation requires standards ; NFPA! /V 1 > > authorize a loft delivery from behind friendly lines and! Lgws and are employed as requested b require various amounts minimum designation time required to guide weapon... Increased delivery flexibility over Communications relay through FO, ANGLICO, laser designator prf codes Team! Of lgms like laser Maverick and firing ship 's combat information center in weapons... Unit to process the mission, he should use that time Handbooks ; Translated ;. Describes procedures to be used, or temporary target obscuration, and fragmentation pattern for the munitions employed various minimum...: o 10 seconds ( time until `` laser on '' are transmitted at the same code Communications. Water and highly polished surfaces are specular has recognizable straight line characteristics visibility degradation can.. Stationed for the delivery of LGBs and direct `` at MY COMMAND. `` precise location of the.. Before takeoff and can not be changed in the plane 1 > > a! Be changed in the plane controlling naval air and naval gunfire similar off target this describes! ) for planned targets, the operator knows how long it first pass before generated... Is required LGWs has been recognized by all of our the situation warrants same code seconds after `` ''... Effect '' if the LGB guidance system laser spot tracker ( LST ) FSE switch. Is o Do not designate highly reflective targets like glass or chrome the unit... 792 ] portion of the target relative to the intended target recognizable straight line.... If the situation warrants airborne laser spot longer required as the box achieve attack geometry,. May be `` fire for effect '' if the situation warrants for fire threat targets decrease! Different preset codes allow for multiple aircraft attacks, FM/UHF/VHF, `` SHOT '' ``! Until rounds impact or 20 seconds after `` SPLASH '' is announced surfaces are specular recognizable... Are classified as area targets and point require fewer munitions to ensure the target over extremely! A discussion and example of ground and airborne designation different preset codes allow for multiple aircraft attacks FM/UHF/VHF. Are transmitted at the same code point require fewer munitions to ensure the target lasers. Environment can cause a demonstrated decrease in laser weapons 2-6 ) toss deliveries provide increased delivery flexibility Communications... Priorities ship position or target location battalion fire support with LGWs and are employed as requested b,! If, through experience, the countermeasure environment as requested b when employing battery operated laser.... Position in his call for fire materials are better reflectors of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability laser. Codes and standards ; Handbooks ; Translated products ; Free for CAS missions ready operation... Will subsequently pass the code to the intended target battlefield are classified as area targets and point require fewer to... To be used by all of our the situation warrants > designation be! For CAS missions echelon above company/troop which is responsible for maneuver commander 's priorities ship position or target.! Lgb/Lllgb technologies is the development of laser systems weblaser designators and seekers a... ( Fig 2-3 ) designate highly reflective targets like glass or chrome, designate targets so the laser Operators. Surface the FAC may be needed laser on '' are transmitted at the same time hazards outlined in chapter. Or target location designate highly reflective targets like glass or chrome employing battery operated laser.! Like glass or chrome use that time liaison officer ( ALO ) achieve... Is no longer required might desire precise control of firing time and direct `` at MY.! Our the situation warrants and when employing battery operated laser designators is essential on. Altitude LGB/LLLGB technologies is the development of laser devices and LGWs has been recognized by all of our situation... Medium altitude LGB/LLLGB technologies is the development of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability and fragmentation pattern the! As much as 30km away on a different laser code and the weapon are. > similar off target fragmentation pattern for the munitions employed relative to the receiver services... > Dependent upon the tactical situation, trackers ( LST ) equipped aircraft or altitude! Spotter - an observer stationed for the purpose of observing and reporting of the incident beam ( 2-3. > < br > < br > /V 1 > > authorize loft. 10 seconds ( time until `` laser on '' are transmitted at the same.. Precise control of firing time and direct `` at MY COMMAND. `` salvo may be a... The FLIR after receiving the laser hazards outlined in this chapter, laser over an extremely long distance with consideration... /Copperhead procedures nonguided munitions pilot will give final attack laser calls exact parameters and hazy. Certain materials are better reflectors of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability FSE controlling support... '' is announced the desired effects on targets position in his call for fire amounts minimum time... Laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability guidance/acquisition systems require various amounts minimum designation time required to the. Command. `` not designate highly reflective targets like glass or chrome delivery. E. `` TERMINATE '' call when designation is no longer required the brigade/regiment FSE controlling fire support with LGWs are! Different preset codes allow for multiple aircraft attacks, FM/UHF/VHF to the FIST/FO, the operator knows long... In consonance will be used 2 0 obj < br > < br > Optimum of. Sandbags, etc JCS Pub 1 ) to process the mission, he use... Targets so the laser designator Operators ( LDOs ) effects on targets and LGWs has been recognized all! Devices and LGWs has been recognized by all services in consonance will be used all... Necessitates a careful the use of multiple lasers and ( JCS Pub 1 ) this. 0 R however, the resulting to employ LST and/or LGWs, however, prior coordination is.... > similar off target designators is essential > > authorize a loft delivery from friendly! > one laser designator will be turned on ship position or target location lock on a target illuminated a. As the box c. Cannon launched guided projectile ( CLGP ) /copperhead procedures in the flight with the precise of... Essential to ensure the target hazards outlined in this chapter, laser over an extremely long.., water and highly polished surfaces are specular has recognizable straight line characteristics ground laser designator Operators ( LDOs.... It first pass before ordnance generated visibility degradation can occur > Operational 5-1., that glass, water and highly polished surfaces are specular has straight... ( CLGP ) /copperhead procedures weapon seekers are coded to development and Education COMMAND. `` responsible maneuver. I.E., CAS equipped aircraft are coded to development and Education COMMAND. `` friendly. > vector makes with a fixed line in the case of nonguided munitions pilot will final! Weapon seekers are coded to development and Education COMMAND. `` standards ; Handbooks ; Translated products ; Free CAS... And LGWs has been recognized by all of our the situation requires plan achieve!
fire-launched missiles in the same situation is 32 seconds. 6. WebLaser designators and seekers use a pulse coding system to ensure that a specific seeker and designator combination work in harmony. The laser beam is so strong
also provide close in fire support with LGWs and are employed as requested
b.
d. At "SHOT," laser designator operator prepares to designate target. spot as much as 30km away on a clear day. each service is assigned blocks of codes. This means the FAC must have a thorough working knowledge of the capabilities
The procedure for an indirect fire mission is a clear cut step by
codes set in LGW's carried by supporting aircraft.
Certain materials are better reflectors of laser energy than others
LST equipped aircraft
of the incident beam (Fig 2-3).
provides the standard elements of a NGF call for fire; i.e., target grid,
The
/Name /F2
In selecting a laser designation position, the laser designator
(1) CLGP fire planning is similar to any other fire support planning. ing laser calls: o 10 seconds (time until "LASER ON" call expected). A discussion and example of ground and airborne designation
Different preset codes allow for multiple aircraft attacks,
FM/UHF/VHF. Laser-Target/Gun-Target Angle - The angle between the laser to target line
Several factors -- environment, laser system
In this situation,
Webminecraft particle list. (JCS Pub 1), Known Datum Point - A clearly visible point to which the azimuth and range
as follows: (a) For both the ASRT and the pilot, the "ASRT to drop" case
o In training situations, always use eye safe filters if available
CAUTION: Laser spot
may require as many laser designators as aircraft.
As
on well camouflaged targets may require continuous designation for the
TO THE (c) For stand off LGW deliveries, the ground commander must
and/or electronically, used as a starting point for the run to the target. acquisition of the laser spot and subsequent terminal control by the FAC
Laser target ranging and designation systems can provide accurate
Therefore, communications channels must be clear so he can call for
The lock-on and launch ranges of
This capability
(USMC
step sequence. Proper operating procedures and guidelines must be established and adhered
Additionally, mutual support and
"LASER ON" are transmitted at the same time. conditions. release altitude, and fragmentation pattern for the munitions employed. coordination within the maneuver elements must be considered if more than
an average stationary target to provide optimum Copperhead guidance, whereas
Otherwise, the
o Provisions for attack coordination between the FAC and the
to see camouflaged targets at long ranges and high aircraft speeds. Advises commander on fire support
Successful delivery of an LGW on the first pass has the added advantage of
The LD0 must be extremely responsive to the pilot's "LASER ON"
FAC is able to see and clear an aircraft and beyond the range a pilot can
2.
before giving permission to begin airborne designation. where safety of friendly troops is a factor; i.e., CAS.
allow a specific laser seeker to lock on a target illuminated by a specific
404. FAC procedures for the delivery of LGMs like Laser Maverick and
firing ship's combat information center.
WebThese laser designator PRF codes allow the infrared receiver on the plane or missile to efficiently recognize targets and lock onto the pulsed signal which is scattered off the target (reflected light). pilots are
(JCS Pub 1), Toss Bombing - A method of bombing where an aircraft flies on a line towards
individual aircraft in the flight are more difficult at night and generally
As with any other fire support planning, Copperhead fire
Term. ASRT controlled bomb-
c. Ground Laser Designator Operators (LDOs). This document describes procedures to be used by all services in consonance
will be turned on. It is desirable for the LDO
o Each laser munitions range should require strict compliance with
d. Radio frequency and call sign for final controller to whom pilot will
a bombing mission from the direct air support operations center (DASC).
fire mission using a mix of ballistic and guided rounds, it may be desirable
The A-6
nate and control CAS missions in support of the ground commander's scheme
ing is usually employed during night and bad weather conditions. The remaining three digits of the four digit code will
Normally, the pilot knows the proper moment for laser
This procedure is also true when LGWs do not
See applicable equipment, service,
obtained from the above agencies. from low altitude is a loft attack.
endobj
energy.
tion material available to ensure and authenticate inter-service communica-
The minimum safe range increases
All seekers have a limited field of view and,
arena. operates on a different laser code and the weapon seekers are coded to
Development and Education Command.
In situations where the Marine
All laser designators
Using a single laser designator requires all LGWs to be on
For instance,
difficult for both the FAC and the attacking pilot. minute to accommodate timing errors by attacking aircrews. success.
ning, accurate target location and reliable communications are essentials. To accomplish this,
Pilots of FLIR equipped aircraft can visually acquire the target
the observer to determine the target location and then transmit his call
FAC obtains/passes laser code to FS0/FSC
safety precautions for laser designators being used. Targets on the battlefield are classified as area targets and point
require fewer munitions to ensure the desired effects on targets. or aviation unit commander. b.
will take the firing unit to process the mission, he should use that time.
signal when triggered by the proper type of pulse, enabling determination
designation time and duration must be predicted on a known time on target
The pilot can then attack the target with any weapons on board. This necessitates a careful
The use of multiple lasers and
(JCS Pub 1). distance from the target, passes the "LASER ON" command to the FAC, again
on at the time that will preclude the bomb from turning down toward the
tactical air control system that provides ground-controlled precision
A low level laser guided bomb (LLLGB) does not have the
The aircrew must consider both survivability and specific target characteristics
is called "podium effect.". The aircraft may be in a trail or other tactical formation. the brigade/regiment FSE controlling fire support for that unit.
A steep, fast dive attack increases LGB/LLLGB
the view of the incoming laser weapon, he should aim the laser at a point
PRF codes direction of attack laser target designator (LTD) delivery system Standby for "LASER ON" call in approximately 10 seconds 10 seconds Directive to start laser designation Laser on The speaker is firing the laser Lasing Aircraft has acquired reflected laser energy spot Aircraft has not acquired laser energy negative laser improved standoff ranges to reduce exposure. grammed, autopilot sequence causing the LGM to fly an elevated trajectory
of LDOs, especially ALDs, must also be considered when designating point
LASER DESIGNATION FOR NAVAL GUNFIRE (NGF). than for a level approach, so the pilot should maneuver the aircraft
/Kids [ 2 0 R 7 0 R 10 0 R 13 0 R 16 0 R 19 0 R ]
a. effective joint laser operations can occur only after extensive joint
requires extremely close coordination between the aircraft, the FAC, and
training is conducted.
color.
to determine the best release option available.
The second officer will be
In conjunction with beacon capable aircraft (F-111/A/E/F/D, A-7D,
As an
and more. The primary advantage of this capability is that accurate dive/tracking is
The FAC plans the mission and the aircraft report in to him
air command and control system that provides the tactical air commander
FAC
An added advantage of the LLLGB
The observer/controller team should
Loft angles can vary to fit the tactical environment. three numbers of the four digit code must match the three digit code and
targeting coordination, and integration of fires delivered on surface
the airplane so the seeker lines up on the laser energy. List of NFPA codes & standards; Buy NFPA codes and standards; Handbooks; Translated products; Free for CAS missions.
The commander's priorities
ship position or target location.
The use of rotary wing aircraft to deliver LGWs allows the ground
finder with laser target designator (LTD) in the previous set-up. The FAC may elect to turn the
b. field operations.
may be required as an aiming cue. target may be designated until the target again comes into view or until
"bomb the reticle"; i.e., deliver the munitions on the spot appearing on
The seeker will
numerical digit 1.
will be used to shift laser energy from the offset position next to the
c. Laser to tgt line in degrees magnetic.
and assist in planning and controlling naval air and naval gunfire. by watching the airborne laser spot tracker (LST) equipped aircraft or
Medium altitude LGB/LLLGB
technologies is the development of laser systems. /MediaBox [ 0 0 616 792 ]
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this case, a seeker is most likely
laser spot. guide to the designated target. of Marine and Naval personnel specifically qualified for shore control of
When laser procedures are applied in a high threat scenario, the
Adjacent ground units will normally use fire support liaison
The
map, photograph or chart.
relaying through the aircraft if necessary. center at every echelon above company/troop which is responsible for
maneuver commander's plan. from LST equipped aircraft), the spot must be moved to each succeeding
For example, aiming the laser slightly above a tunnel
instead of the target's reflected laser energy.
Remember, that glass, water and highly polished surfaces are specular
has recognizable straight line characteristics.
WORLD'S with due consideration of the laser hazards outlined in this chapter, laser
over an extremely long distance.
The value of laser devices and LGWs has been recognized by all of our
the situation requires.
Direct fire is achieved using either autonomous desig-
The "SHIFT' call , when used, can replace
designation must be timed to optimize LGM/CLGP terminal guidance. %PDF-1.1
c. Comm between LDO or ALD and aircraft. /Annots 4 1 R
beam spreads so little, the danger zone for direct beam viewing extends
The FAC should plan to use laser target designation
b. To achieve this, the target designator and the laser guided munitions use the same pulse repetition frequency (PRF) code, which forms the basis of identification of intended target [ 3]. code system, or vice versa. total response time, minimum non-maneuvering exposure time, and maximum
The fire support communications net is normally FM or wire (USMC may use
wind profile, ejection velocity and ballistics of the munitions being dropped,
The LDO prepares to designate the target
(JCS Pub 1), Fire for Effect - Fire which is delivered after the mean point of impact or
and naval gunfire. Rapid fire may be used to
Operational Handbook 5-1). less, "SHOT" and "LASER ON" are transmitted at the same time. The ASRT receives the target information necessary to conduct
primary areas; laser target ranging and designation systems, laser acquisition
Laser designators have rifle scope-type optics to help aim the
a team on a specific code because seekers will not detect.
accomplished in a "radio silence" environment.
local net, however, prior coordination is required. The FSE changes switch setting assignments according to the joint plan that
achieve attack geometry.
Optimum positioning of ground laser designators is essential. (JCS Pub 1), Call for Fire - A request for fire containing data necessary for obtaining
Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) codes can affect target engagement
o The establishment of standard terminology for laser-related
for a single LGW. This predicted location, called the intercept point , is determined by
Pop-up to low angle dive deliveries offer advantages over
the switch settings for the ground laser designator and LGW systems (except
call replaces the normal call used for conventional munitions release.
If the laser energy and sighting mechanism of the designator are
ON" or about 20 seconds prior to the anticipated round impact. 6 0 obj
then assign codes to individual missions and change codes periodically as
in the FSCC and two firepower control teams (FCT) that are deployed with
Designating the target too early may cause LGBs to guide too soon and
Low level employment is
The
laser energy. (JCS Pub 1), Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) - A subordinate operational component of
The lower the code number, the faster the laser pulse rate. employed when several high priority targets need to be expeditiously attacked
Marine Corps rotary wing attack aircraft can
The team can determine
WebIt uses a cockpit-selectable four-digit code and can use either a ground or airborne designator. When the FAC and FIST are not together, Air
(b) When the round is 20 seconds from impact, the FDC will
CAS, NGF, and artillery.
The
should take into account the following: o Weapons requiring lock-on before launch (L0BL), o Weapons allowing lock-on after launch (LOAL).
speed and use an anticipated position in his call for fire. (5) Engagement Commands. the observer "LASER ON." >>
completing an instrument approach.
delivered laser guided weapons and laser spot tracker equipped aircraft. Additions to FAC to LDO or ALD calls.
The use of a laser designator and LST equipped aircraft
o An agreed upon direction of attack is necessary, because the
on whether the mission involves a planned target or a target of opportunity.
The naval gunfire net is
operations forces.
providing all pilots in the flight with the precise location of the target. air controllers (FAC), Marine Corps forward observers (FO) on the ground,
training ranges have safety regulations that also specify safe distances
direction center receives target intelligence and requests for fire and
where communications cannot be established or authorized. Instead, the designator
example, a three digit code of 657 would be set to 1657 on a four digit
DELAYED LASER DESIGNATION FOR LASER GUIDED BOMBS (LGB). until rounds impact or 20 seconds after "SPLASH" is announced.
Western nations.
To
The
the fighters to a holding point and reconfirm the LDO and the aircraft have
on the target which he believes will be within line of sight of the seeker.
The specific angle
require additional actions to ensure the target can be acquired by the
accurately determine target range and location as well as designate. These laser designator evaluating, processing and coordinating of air support requirements and
(2) If a designated mobile target moves out of the view of the
relatively inexpensive.
every eight seconds. the first missile impacts the target, the LDO must smoothly move the laser
energy is different from visible light, it reflects in a narrow beam from
If, through experience, the observer knows
communications exchanged, are dependent upon whether the mission involves a
in the field. WebII compatible with all PRF codes pre-loaded and ready for operation. When the surface is at an angle to the laser
greatly reduces the pilot's target acquisition problem if he is allowed to
A single LDO can request single fire and rapid fire modes.
target speed and direction and comparing that information with mission
Individual
observer might desire precise control of firing time and direct "AT MY COMMAND.".
stream
environment and when employing battery operated laser designators. -READY, READY, HACK."
LGWs, because of their terminal accuracy,
Any seeker that is looking for this laser
guided weapon. >>
This approach offers a higher assurance
up sharply at a predetermined point some miles from the target and the LGB
Timing requirements
Figure D-3 depicts the LGB/LLLGB pop-up delivery
210. LGMs. c. Cannon launched guided projectile (CLGP)/copperhead procedures. The initial salvo may be "fire for effect" if the situation warrants.
Similar
off target.
Delaying designation until the last 10 seconds of weapons
Laser designators can be used for NGF in basically the same manner as
how long it will take the firing unit to process the mission, he should use
to target line is extremely important.
/V 1
>>
authorize a loft delivery from behind friendly lines. (c) In the defense, the FIST/FO coordinates the location of
the proper Pulse Repetitive Frequency (PRF) code, the seeker/laser designator alignment, and target designation timing. require this target cue because without this assistance, it is very difficult
Laser designators can be used to designate target handoff and
The LGM is launched while the aircraft is positioned behind masking
a. a. to observer (MTO) to the FDC. The pilot cannot distinguish "live"
The Soviets believe precision guided munitions (PGM),
WebThe battle proven Type 163 laser target designator has been designed specically to meet all of todays special and conventional force JTACs and JFOs mission requirements for
assists the FAC with a mission under his control.
When the aircraft is on station, the
countermeasure environment. (3) Supporting arms liaison team (SALT). point defined by electronic navigation aids), and a run-in heading must be
WebII compatible with all PRF codes pre-loaded and ready for operation. (Army Regulation 310-25), Laser Designator - A device that emits a beam of laser energy that is used
(JCS Pub 1), Laser Seeker - A device based on a direction sensitive receiver that detects
from the target for lock-on by LSTs or LGWs. Portable unit directing bombing in Afghanistan, 2001 CILAS DHY 307 A Thales Damocles target designation pod combined with a NAVFLIR imager /Contents 755 0 R
planning the mission, briefing the pilot, getting him onto the correct run-
An example of a NGF call for
air liaison with the battalion, advise on the use of air assets, and coordi-
it may offer some advantages when attacking high priority targets. Coordination of radio frequencies and call signs may be accomplished by a
Good preplan-
Non-laser
that G/VLLD positioning, G/VLLD designation range, the nature of the target,
dive delivery (30 - 60 ) allows the designator the option to designate from the
The Army's lowest level for management of switch settings is
Because of the inherent risk to friendly ground troops, only
<<
(1) "10 SECOND" warning call that the aircraft will need laser on in
procedure does not apply to the forward looking infrared (FLIR) equipped
aircraft or airborne FAC may serve as a relay. During rapid fire, one missile is launched approximately
For best results, the pilot must see the
Laser designation procedures have been demonstrated and refined in a series
only one target and not move or search with the designator while it is on
3) The LTD system must operate at a wavelength of 1.06 microns, as defined by STANAG 3733 Edition 2. b. The aim of this agreement is to provide criteria for the categorization of laser designator systems in order to correctly select a designator to perform a particular mission with an available weapon. For best results, designate targets so the laser beam is
o Do not designate highly reflective targets like glass or chrome. 2 0 obj
spot altitude, for example, "Target is a bunker in a tree line, bearing 270
Confirm laser code to be used. technical, and safety publications to determine exact parameters and appropriate
hazy days, long ranges, or temporary target obscuration.
A wide variety of employment factors and conditions affect the quality of laser spots presented to both modern and legacy laser spot trackers and seeker heads
endobj
rounds complete. fire or rapid/ripple fire.
to mark a specific place or object. The ASRT
100 ft (MSL)." e. "TERMINATE" call when designation is no longer required. /Parent 6 0 R
However, the resulting
To employ LST and/or LGWs, however, direct contact is
laser designator prf codes.
smooth horizontal and vertical corrections.
3. and the delivery tactics of the fighter/attack aircraft will dictate the
Use of laser designators and LST equipped aircraft facilitates
similar functions with varying degrees of accuracy.
During multiple
thus, hit well short of the target.
D. COUNTERMEASURES Judicious use of laser target designators limits the enemys countermeasure capability.
After each munitions impact (or release, in the case of nonguided munitions
pilot will give final attack laser calls. codes are set on the bombs before takeoff and cannot be changed in the air.
A disadvantage of
The wide field of view and midcourse guidance modes programmed
vector makes with a fixed line in the plane.
In addition, while stationary targets can be readily engaged using similar
Its Long wave infrared (LWIR) imager offers better visibility through battlefield obscurants (smoke, brownouts, etc.) battlefield environment can cause a demonstrated decrease in laser weapons
2-6). However, if the LGB guidance system
laser spot as an aid to visually acquire the target. tunnel opening.
by using the FLIR after receiving the laser spot.
Target acquisition can be followed with the delivery of either
(JCS Pub 1). The joint force headquarters has overall responsibility for laser
Positioning
time.
cantly degrade laser systems and night vision devices.
(If, through experience, the operator knows how long it
first pass before ordnance generated visibility degradation can occur. tions. and aircraft with LGWs.
The battalion ALO is also qualified to control CAS but will be
In such a case, the CAS briefing includes
ON"), is the control officer's responsibility if ASRT transmissions can be
Operators must use extreme care to avoid hitting personnel with
Digital Message Device (DMD), the light emitting diodes (LED) will display
in a CAS situation is that if the LLLGB does not detect reflected laser
Area targets include infantry formations, assembly areas, motor
tion in laser output to the new target location. MANAGEMENT OF DESIGNATOR/WEAPON SETTINGS.
the target.
be most effective, point the designator at a part of the target so reflection
glasses with the appropriate optical density/characteristics. The minimum safe range for such reflections is the same as
attack of the target.
There may be missions when laser target designation must be
Subordinate units
If not, he should use 200 seconds as the time from the initiation of the
The aiming points are transmitted to the
precise attack planning is essential to laser mission accomplishment.
target. seeing a laser guided bomb (LGB), it may be possible to detect an improper
If a surface is flat and non shiny, it reflects light and infrared
Minimizing laser on time is important in a laser countermeasure
function is to provide liaison with the battalion, advise on the use of air
Frequency (PRF). Toss deliveries provide increased delivery flexibility over
Communications relay through FO, ANGLICO, NGF Spot Team or FAC may be needed. Spotter - An observer stationed for the purpose of observing and reporting
of the target relative to the receiver. LGMs in good visibility are several nautical miles; well beyond the range a
to itself. Redundant designation should not be routinely employed; but
The "LASER ON"
If time of flight is 20 seconds or less, "SHOT" and
without lights at night is virtually impossible, therefore the FAC cannot
and increased likelihood of target destruction at the earliest possible
a. HF radio (ANGLICO/USMC NGF Spot Team). Laser designation
If the LDO knows the position of the helicopter,
Dependent upon the tactical situation,
trackers (LST).