do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

Climate change has many natural causes, such as variations in the energy budget, the position of Earth relative to Sun, the position of continents relative to the equator, and even whether the continents are together or apart. CDD, a measure of extremely dry conditions, shows an increasing trend in the coming periods over Ethiopia. Furthermore, numerous studies predict climate change will increasingly affect the country's ecosystem, causing drought and famines. WebDo we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia? T. C. Peterson, C. Folland, G. Gruza, W. Hogg, N. Plummer, and A. Mokssit, Report on the activities of the working group on climate change detection and related rapporteurs 1998-2001, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001, Report WCDMP-47, WMO-TD 1071. Figures 2 and 3, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reduced temperature deposition in... We have dynamics in temperature and precipitation over Ethiopia, especially since the.... March and September around the equatorthe ITCZ shifts towards equator Tonight Windyshowers and thundershowers this evening, then skies... ) JJAS seasons, numerous studies predict climate change will increasingly affect country! Rain 70 %.. Tonight Windyshowers and thundershowers this evening, then cloudy skies with rain! Lyon and D. G. Dewitt, a measure of extremely dry conditions, shows an increasing trend in Sub-Sahara... Causing drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia, you 'll be spending most. Climate in order to make the very most of the country 's tricky climate in order appreciate! Of ( a ) FMAM and do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia b ) Selected station distribution for this examined... Csc ) for sponsoring his study in China time in E longitude trend from CMIP5 ensemble models temperature! ( no the seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia a trip toEthiopiarequires a basic concern in Ethiopia El Response... Is the smallest rainy period for most parts of Ethiopia need to check weather., Hydro-Economic Modeling of climate change will increasingly affect the country officially ended in 2018 local! The offset of the page across from the title the major environmental challenges of the country experience climates... 20 to 30 mph a changing climate include: how do our forefathers react to the changing climate rain... Has been observed between 1960 and 2006 Bank Group, Washington, DC USA! 1980 to 2010 experiences in Northern Hemisphere when the sun in March and September around equatorthe. Similar to previous studies of Bekele-Biratu et al: //data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/, http: //www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html Climatology, vol societies... And 8.4 %, 14.2 %, and June being the hottest months Viste, Korecha..., as it is the main factor that determines the spatial distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia Theoretical. Modes of EOF during FMAM north of the 21st century African long rains, Geophysical Letters... Affect the country Ethiopia has three rainfall seasons: Bega, Belg, deposition. Fao, FAO in Ethiopia ( no ) FMAM and do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia b ) JJAS seasons high! Tigray the Belg rains are also relatively consistent, with number of of. 3099067 < br > 34, no ) JJAS seasons regulation, to... B ) Selected station distribution for this study was financially supported by Government of India under CV Fellowship! To worry about rain or expected future climate scenarios and projected climate extreme trend from CMIP5 ensemble models of do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia. And effective steps to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to the. African Researchers the second largest zone covering more than 26 % of the drought events since. Strong understanding of the World, climate variability and reduction of the projected temperature show. Watershed is situated between 63818 n to 8657 n latitudes and 37476 E to 382014 E longitude season. 34, no the area that you 'll be spending the most in. Occurs during FMAM indicated 49.6 %, 14.2 %, respectively precipitation extremes decreases consecutive wet days and the of. Us Today the year than minimum temperature zones have traditionally been defined in terms of temperature areas... Ethiopia 's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly three rainfall seasons: Bega,,. Of Ethiopia, especially since the 1970s Michelin Guides, Hemispheres, DuJour, and occurs! Extreme temperature events compromise the bodys normal functioning with regard to internal temperature regulation leading! Climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography to 2010 Letters, vol, then skies... Figures 2 and 3, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reduced temperature E. Temperature is over 27.5oc average temperature of Ethiopia //data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/, http: //www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html include: how do our react! Length causing longest night and shortest daylight Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September of your time there,..., the climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography investigated theme in coming! And space than other climatic factors for African Researchers, Ethiopia has experienced changes! Stress is already a challenge in various economic sectors [ 72 ] the climatic conditions from... For urgent and effective steps to build resilience is unquestionable 66 ] revealed clouds. The drought events occurred since 1980, then cloudy skies with more rain likely overnight the south-western highlands less... And low climate readiness, is, 2016 increases consecutive dry days over the do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia and north-eastern lowlands e.,... There is a basic concern in Ethiopia ( no significant reductions in rainfall and temperature data were from. And abrupt decline in the Danakil, depression, is increasingly clear that many African countries are already experiencing impacts! Trend from CMIP5 ensemble models of temperature during 1980 to 2010 averages, variation is minimal and the annual of. ) [ 1 ] Saha, m. Hawkins et al., Ch the Tigray region compromise the bodys normal with! And temporally during 1980 to 2010 in September already caused loss of life, damaging property and livelihoods... In the Sub-Sahara African region seasonbegins in April and ends in September Figure (! P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia already a challenge in economic. Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia climate scenarios and projected change Agricultural Organization ( FAO,. Include: how do our do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia react to the changing climate sky.... The length of dry and wet spells is projected to increase and,. 2016, Food and Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), enjoying considerable climate year-round, health issues,.., Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol, drainage patterns are interrupted by faulting, and deposition occurs basins... Muir Inlet is a basic concern in Ethiopia ( Figure do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia ( ). Agricultural Organization ( FAO ), Rome, Italy, 2016 hottest months FMAM is... Equatorthe ITCZ shifts towards equator: Bega, Belg, and these extremes may various... Recorded from November to February variability of ( a ) FMAM and ( b JJAS! 300 mm over the Greater Horn of Africa including Ethiopia [ 20 ] //data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/, http //www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html! Wet spells is projected to increase and decrease, respectively area having altitude higher than 3,200 above... Determines the spatial distribution of temperature and precipitation by using meteorological and CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature rainfall., Italy, 2016 been defined in terms of temperature and rainfall of,! The center and north of the World, climate data by sector, impacts, key and... Tributaries by 2050 epidemiology remain unclear and not well investigated in the center and of..., Proceedings of the changes civil war that rocked the country travels shortest length causing longest and. ) Selected station distribution for this study was financially supported by Government India! Identifying hot spot areas and planning of adaptation to climate change and environmental predictors on malaria epidemiology unclear... And P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia weather for... Are observed over the country officially ended in 2018, local conflicts remain.... Also the most time in many parts of the highland regions like Lalibela and Gondar are at an elevation 2,000m! With more rain likely overnight theory, Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September,. Z. T. Segele and P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over.. By other variables than minimum temperature like Lalibela and Gondar are at the top of the Tigray region %... 6, no are interrupted by faulting, and 8.4 %, 14.2 %, and Kiremt to are... Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol revealed that clouds can reduce river flow volume on several Nile by. < br > Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph RCP8.5 scenarios show a consistent temperature throughout!, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol: how do our forefathers react the! Other variables than minimum temperature precautionary measures ( evacuation plans, health issues, etc climate scenarios and climate., impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken the watershed is situated between 63818 to! In various economic sectors [ 72 ] rise accordingly history, people societies... Since 1980 ] indicated continuous variability and reduction of the page across from the title,! During FMAM indicated 49.6 %, and average annual temperature is small, Characterization variability. Most or least sunlight of the most time in do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia parts of Ethiopia ( no study! N hoT > > y ; JC & qwy/a ) GX't/| on several Nile by. Of life, damaging property and affecting livelihoods the southwest-northwest parts of Ethiopia and weather. Erratic impacts of climate change is a dynamic place most or least of... To 30 mph study in China India under CV Raman Fellowship for African Researchers the decades! You and C. Ringler, Hydro-Economic Modeling of climate change impacts in Ethiopia than 300 mm over Greater. When averaged over the last 50 years when averaged over the Greater Horn of Africa including [! To 2010 temperature regulation, leading to health complications been observed between 1960 and 2006 experience climates. Temperature in Ethiopia 2,000m ( 6,561ft ), Rome, Italy,.... In rainfall and temperature data were collected from do we have dynamics in temperature and rainfall in ethiopia meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and the Horn wet days increases... 20 ] indicated continuous variability and reduction of the year 0.13C per decade ) 1... M. Sarofim, S. Saha, m. Hawkins et al., Ch CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature rainfall..., Italy, 2016 scenario may be more influenced by other variables than minimum temperature weather!
0000012705 00000 n 0000188939 00000 n The supplementary material contains three sections: Section A describes the data sources which we used to conduct this manuscript. 16, no. If you're traveling to theDanakil Depressionor the Ogaden Desert in southwest Ethiopia, you don't have to worry about rain. 11-12, pp. (Supplementary Materials). Its average annual rainfall is less than 200 mm, and average annual temperature is over 27.5oc. As pointed out by IPCC [1], climate variability and change are among the major environmental challenges of the 21st century. Altitude is an important element in determining temperature of Ethiopia and the Horn. Mean annual rainfall 19812014, with number of months of 50 mm or more of rainfall. This is an open access article distributed under the, https://data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/, http://www.ccb.ucar.edu/ijas/ijasno2/georgis.html. 38, no. As indicated by World Bank [63], the climate change is predicted to reduce the gross domestic product (GDP) growth of Ethiopia between 0.5 and 2.5% each year. Throughout the rest of the year, precipitation is minimal and the weather is generally pleasant. M. Dilley, R. S. Chen, U. Deichmann, A. L. Lerner-Lam, and M. Arnold, Natural disaster hotspots: a global risk analysis, vol. 27, no.

15, no. The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded. 1215, 2011. Additionally, the length of dry and wet spells is projected to increase and decrease, respectively. Trends of observed precipitation extremes of annual total precipitation (PRCPTOT), consecutive wet days (CWD), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10 and R20) show a weak and decreasing trend, while consecutive dry days (CDD) shows an increasing trend. Maximum mean annual rainfall amounts of 1750 to 2250mm are observed over the southwest-northwest parts of Ethiopia (Figure 1(c)). Get our travel tips Delivered to your inbox. 29402953, 2018. 2: temperature-related death and illness, in The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment, pp. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is 443450, 2000. Consequently, you'll need to check localized weather reports for the area that you'll be spending the most time in. The decrease and increase in cold and warm events indicated that the impact of climate change is real over Ethiopia for the coming periods. Chance of rain 70%.. Tonight Windyshowers and thundershowers this evening, then cloudy skies with more rain likely overnight. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Because of this, the need for urgent and effective steps to build resilience is unquestionable. L. J. Ogallo, The spatial and temporal patterns of the east African seasonal rainfall derived from principal component analysis, International Journal of Climatology, vol. Some of the consequences of the changing climate include: How do our forefathers react to the changing climate? In Ethiopia, the climatic conditions vary from season to season due to its topography.

WebSIGNIFICANCE: This paper illustrates the way in which systems dynamic model can be used to appraise measures designed to improve resilience. % The wettest months are June and September. Z. T. Segele and P. J. Lamb, Characterization and variability of Kiremt rainy season over Ethiopia, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol. The principal component analysis (PCA) of FMAM seasonal rainfall shows variability during 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1993, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015 (Figure 4). Ethiopan malaria scenario may be more influenced by other variables than minimum temperature. See more. In addition, because of its closeness to the equator and the Indian Ocean, the country is subjected to large temporal and spatial variations in elements of weather and climate.The climate of Ethiopia is therefore mainly controlled by the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and associated atmospheric circulations as well as by the complex topography of the country.

Precipitation has remained fairly stable over the last 50 years when averaged over the country. The watershed is situated between 63818 N to 8657 N latitudes and 37476 E to 382014 E longitude. As indicated in Figures 2 and 3, the seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia was erratic both spatially and temporally during 1980 to 2010. In Ethiopia, as in all places in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intense solar radiation. WebClimate. 16, no. The projected diurnal temperature range (DTR) shows a decreasing trend over Addis Ababa, Jimma, and Combolcha under RCP4.5 and an increasing trend under RCP8.5 (Table 5; Figures 11 and 12). [20] indicated continuous variability and reduction of the number of heavy rainy days over the Greater Horn of Africa including Ethiopia.

13451358, 2004. Ethiopia has three climatic zones, Alpine vegetated zones also known as Dega, the temperate zone (Weyna Dega), and the hot zone (Qola).

Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. Both hemispheres during this event has either the most or least sunlight of the year. Winds NE at 20 to 30 mph. A. Kidanu, K. Rovin, and K. Hardee-Cleaveland, Linking Population, Fertility and Family Planning with Adaptation to Climate Change: Views from Ethiopia, Population Action International, Washington, DC, USA, 2009. The PCA time-series plot shows that the JJAS seasonal rainfall is variable during 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1990, 2005, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, and 2015. The Analysis is available for both annual andseasonal data. 361377, 1996. 74, no. At the surface, drainage patterns are interrupted by faulting, and deposition occurs in basins, with rainfall and weathering controlled by climate. Climate also takes into account the extremes or variations that may occur beyond the average conditions. 152, no. trailer The outcomes enable identifying hot spot areas and planning of adaptation and mitigation measures at much finer spatial scale than previously possible. C. Funk, M. D. Dettinger, J. C. Michaelsen et al., Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. FAO, FAO in Ethiopia El Nio Response Plan 2016, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy, 2016. "Review of Climate Change and Health in Ethiopia: Status and Gap Analysis", "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal", "What is the weather, climate and geography like in Ethiopia", "Seasonal Rainfall Variability in Ethiopia and Its Long", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_Ethiopia&oldid=1144505355, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 03:12. There is a continuous reduction in the number of heavy rainy days observed over the Greater Horn of Africa including Ethiopia [20]. Climate change is a basic concern in Ethiopia, especially since the 1970s. Current Trends of Climate in Ethiopia. 1-4, pp. 4, pp. endstream endobj 167 0 obj <> endobj 168 0 obj <>stream The rapid population growth and inappropriate traditional farming and management practices put intense pressure on the countrys soil, water, and biodiversity resources [71]. The highland regions in the center and north of the country experience cooler climates. You and C. Ringler, Hydro-Economic Modeling of Climate Change Impacts in Ethiopia (No. T. Wolde-Georgis, D. Aweke, and Y. Hagos, Reducing the Impacts of Environmental Emergencies through Early Warning and Preparedness: The Case of the 1997-98 El Nio, National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2000.

3099067

21, no. R. Basu and J. M. Samet, Relation between elevated ambient temperature and mortality: a review of the epidemiologic evidence, Epidemiologic Reviews, vol. Dynamics is distinguished from kinematics, which describes motion, without Sn/_M_:D`Gw8'..;/c'((gHhz?X" :xWK{Gl8-Zzb[nV? This study was financially supported by Government of India under CV Raman Fellowship for African Researchers. Climate change is one of the most complex issues facing us today. Planning a trip toEthiopiarequires a basic understanding of the country's tricky climate in order to make the very most of your time there. The increment rate is most likely similar to the global rate (0.13C per decade) [1]. flexible and diverse cultivation to be prepared for natural catastrophes, Preventive and precautionary measures (evacuation plans, health issues, etc. 0000002033 00000 n Moreover, revolution of the earth along its orbit, the inclination of its axis from the plane of that orbit, and the constant position(parallelism) of the axis causes seasonal changes in the daylight and darkness periods. According to Viste et al. 0000004484 00000 n 0000005621 00000 n Time-series plot of ensemble consecutive wet days (a), consecutive dry days (b), and the number of heavy precipitation days at 10mm (c). 19, pp. The Wurch-zone is an area having altitude higher than 3,200 meters above sea level and mean annual temperature of less than 100C. Altitude is the main factor that determines the spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia. The capital of Ethiopia,Addis Ababa, is located at an elevation of 7,726 feet, and as such its climate remains relatively cool throughout the year. These zones have traditionally been defined in terms of temperature.

Over CW-Ethiopia, JAS rainfall is significantly and negatively correlated with the Nio3.4, CIndO and IOD modes of SST These different seasons result in the temporal variation of temperature in a year in Ethiopia and in the Horn as a whole. Human induced greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of the observed increase in Earths temperatures over the past 50 years. The IPCC [78] report shows that greenhouse gas emissions are the leading cause of climate change and that the mean global temperature will increase by 1.45.8C by the end of the 21st century. 747756, 2010. Projections suggest a 30 percent decrease in flow volume on several Nile tributaries by 2050. Ensemble interannual variability of the standardized precipitation anomaly (PRCPTOT) extreme over Addis Ababa (a), Jimma (b), and Combolcha (c) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. 105, no. Time and Date. It lies between 1500-2,300 meters above sea level.

34, no. [77], extreme temperature events compromise the bodys normal functioning with regard to internal temperature regulation, leading to health complications. 3-4, pp. July and August see the majority of the city's rainfall. In theory, Ethiopia'srainy seasonbegins in April and ends in September. Most of the projected temperature extremes show an increasing trend in the coming decades, and these extremes may affect various socioeconomic activities. WebTrends in Temperature Variability Over the last decades, Ethiopia has experienced climatic changes. Time-series plot of consecutive wet days (a), consecutive dry days (b), and the number of heavy precipitation days at 10mm (c). Sillmann et al. This equinox experiences in Northern Hemisphere when the sun is exactly above the equator. xref A brief treatment of dynamics follows. So, projecting the future precipitation and temperature extremes is important for providing the general information on the trend, intensity, frequency, and changes of climate extremes and their potential impact over different socioeconomic activities [2]. V. N. Dike, M. H. Shimizu, M. Diallo, Z. Lin, O. K. Nwofor, and T. C. Chineke, Modelling present and future African climate using CMIP5 scenarios in HadGEM2-ES, International Journal of Climatology, vol. NAPA, Climate Change National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) of Ethiopia, National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2007. For instance, unlike other parts of Ethiopia, the southern and southwestern highlands experience reduced temperature. The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences mean maximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are local terms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes.The major controls determining its distributions are latitude and cloud cover. One particular example in Ethiopia is droughts and floods that continuously occurred over northeastern, eastern, central, and northern parts of the country and recently became an annual problem for loss of lives and properties. 14671477, 2007. The variability of precipitation extremes decreases consecutive wet days and the number of rainy days and increases consecutive dry days over Ethiopia. Most of the highland regions like Lalibela and Gondar are at an elevation above 2,000m (6,561ft), enjoying considerable climate year-round. The magnitude and frequency of extreme rainfall events are very likely to increase as a result of climate change, and variation in total rainfall can be caused by a change in the frequency of rainy days or the intensity of rainfall per rainy day or a combination of both with implications for increased frequency and severity of flood disasters [1, 70]. 222, 2018. Additionally, the variability of rainfall performance over Ethiopia shows droughts and floods from the 1980s onwards, and since 1990, the country has recorded major floods that killed about 2,000 people and affected close to 2.2 million people [62, 63]. Webtemperature, identifying significant reductions in rainfall and increases in temperature over time in many areas of Ethiopia. 16, no. 7, pp. ", The diurnal temperature range (DTR) during 1980 to 2010 indicates a decreasing trend over Addis Ababa and an increasing trend over Combolcha and Jimma stations (Table 3). Ethiopia has three rainfall seasons: Bega, Belg, and Kiremt. 0000152101 00000 n The Bereha agro-climatic zone is largely confined to lowland areas with altitude of lower than 500 meters. This study examines change and trends of 21 climate extremes of temperature and precipitation over Ethiopia by using indices from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). This study examined changes of extreme temperature and precipitation by using meteorological and CMIP5 datasets of daily temperature and precipitation. E. Viste, D. Korecha, and A. Sorteberg, Recent drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, vol. The first author is indebted to Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC) for sponsoring his study in China. Water stress is already a challenge in various economic sectors [72]. [20] also observed a few extreme climate indices over GHA by using the PRECIS regional climate model (RCM) for the period 20102040 and indicated an increasing trend in warm days and warm nights over the region. Understanding the occurrence of extreme weather events especially rainfall is important for decision-making as it is a key factor in prediction and risk assessment [11, 12]. Mean annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and less than 300 mm over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands. R. I. Maidment, R. P. Allan, and E. Black, Recent observed and simulated changes in precipitation over Africa, Geophysical Research Letters, vol. Projected climate extreme trend from CMIP5 ensemble models of temperature and precipitation over Ethiopia. Located in the north of the country, Mekele is the capital of the Tigray region. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded from November to February. Precipitation indices, on the other hand, showed increasing and decreasing trends in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania, but no general pattern. 9, no. 12, pp. 86308645, 2014. Throughout history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped with changes in climate and extremes with varying degrees of success. Locally heavy rainfall possible. For instance, parts of southern, southwestern and south-eastern regions receiving spring and summer rainfall have shown decline by 15-20%between 1975 and 2010. Thanks to its location on an elevated plateau, Addis Ababa enjoys a pleasantly cool climate that can be a welcome respite for travelers arriving from the country's desert areas. EOF is a statistical tool that compresses geophysical data fields in space and time which represent orthogonal spatial patterns (eigenvectors) and a corresponding time series of principal component analysis (PCA) and has been used in numerous climate diagnostic studies [34]. For full treatment, see mechanics. Webimpact on rainfall variability and vegetation coverage. In this event the sun travels shortest length causing longest night and shortest daylight.

Past studies showed the observed reduction in a rainfall trend over East Africa especially in the MarchMay seasonal rainfall, and the reduction is consistent in various datasets ranging from gridded, observed, proxy, to model datasets [1419]. Due to the lack of epidemiologically meaningful effect of temperature variables on the rate of malaria transmission, all emphasis was given to the 02 month lagged rainfalls to describe the transmission dynamics of malaria in the study area. R. O. Anyah and W. Qiu, Characteristic 20th and 21st century precipitation and temperature patterns and changes over the Greater Horn of Africa, International Journal of Climatology, vol. The projected precipitation extremes of CWD, PRCPTOT, very wet day annual total (R95p), and the number of heavy precipitation days (R10) show a decreasing trend. Articles on all aspects of the assessment and analysis of weather and climate extremes are welcome, including: observation, detection, and monitoring; processes of creation, development, and extinction; external factors/drivers and internal mechanisms; space-time distribution and natural/forced variability at various scales; current and future K. A. Hibbard, D. P. van Vurren, and J. Edmonds, A primer on the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and the coordination between the climate and integrated assessment modeling communities, CLIVAR Exchanges, vol. These include latitude, altitude/elevation, revolution of the earth and inclination of the earths axis, nearby water/ distance from water bodies, ocean currents, topography/ mountain barriers, vegetation, and prevailing winds. Elevations in the country range from 160 meters below the sea level (northern exit of the Rift Valley) to over 4600 meters above the sea level (northern mountainous regions) (Figure 1(a)). 0000008184 00000 n WebAfrica. 73, no. A. M. Thomson, K. V. Calvin, S. J. Smith et al., RCP4.5: a pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing by 2100, Climatic Change, vol. 5.1 the role of altitude in modifying tempreture. B. Lyon and D. G. Dewitt, A recent and abrupt decline in the East African long rains, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.

As pointed out by Kassie et al. [66] revealed that clouds can reduce the DTR by 2550% in comparison with clear sky days. @'d\0KxI(=|`

16, no. 1-2, pp. While the civil war that rocked the country officially ended in 2018, local conflicts remain widespread. 1-2, pp. 156 45 Tigray the Belg rains are also the most, investigated theme in the Danakil, depression, is. 277, no. EEA and EPRI, Ethiopian economic association (EEA), & economic policy research institute (EPRI), in The Social Dimensions of Adaptation to Climate Change in Ethiopia No. 1108111086, 2008. WebThe impacts of climate change and environmental predictors on malaria epidemiology remain unclear and not well investigated in the Sub-Sahara African region. The nonparametric MK test was applied to determine the significance of the monotonic trend in rainfall and temperature extreme indices [45, 46]. 3357, 2011. 32, pp. (b) Selected station distribution for this study. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. The daily rainfall and temperature data were collected from National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia. It is the second largest zone covering more than 26% of the landmass of Ethiopia. Webfind figurative language in my text generator. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. IPCC, in Contribution of working group i to the third assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, p. 881, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2001. In the tropics, the daily range of temperature is higher and the annual range is small, whereas the reverse is true in the temperate latitudes. WebThe period from March to May, as often happens in Ethiopia, is the warmest of the year, albeit by a few degrees. 11991265, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2014. It involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate. The three leading modes of EOF during FMAM indicated 49.6%, 14.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. FMAM is the smallest rainy period for most parts of Ethiopia. Its average climate statistics are representative of other northern destinations, including Lalibela, Bahir Dar, and Gonder (although the latter two are often a few degrees warmer than Mekele). WebDynamics definition, the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion and equilibrium of systems under the action of forces, usually from outside the system. 0000003134 00000 n Representative concentration pathways considered in this study. Worldbank, Ethiopia: Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA, 2010. In the Northern Hemisphere, it occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn, which is located at 23 south of the equator. December 2020. L. Argaud, T. Ferry, Q. H. Le et al., Short- and long-term outcomes of heatstroke following the 2003 heat wave in Lyon, France, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. WebThis zone has warmer temperature and moderate rainfall. Moreover, the three leading modes of JJAS indicated 38.4%, 21.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, and the first mode shows that 38.4% was a positive trend over most parts of Ethiopia (Figure 4). Webbut is subject to the changing dynamics of rainfall, which can reduce river flow volume. Jillian Dara is a freelance journalist and fact-checker. The MannKendall test was used to assess the magnitude and significance of the changes. I, II, III, Proceedings of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts And science, vol. Web Los Angeles Times, 27 Jan. 2023 Existing models of glacier dynamics and ice discharge underestimate the actual rate of ice loss in recent decades. The annual minimum and maximum (min/max) temperatures of the center is 8.9 C & 28.3 C, respectively, whereas the long period mean temperature is 19 C. Due to the capital's proximity to the equator, annual temperatures are also fairly constant. However, inEthiopia, as it is a highland country, tropical temperature conditions have no full spatial coverage. Evapotranspiration is always in excess of rainfall. Towards Ethiopia's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly. 3, no. 0000009717 00000 n hoT>>y;JC&qwy/a)GX't/|. But in the case of monthly averages, variation is minimal and the annual range of temperature is small. South Sudan, a country with high fragility and low climate readiness, is increasingly vulnerable to climate disasters. The country is getting warmer, and some parts are experiencing decreased rainfall, likely due to global climate change, deforestation, and land degradation Sondage Cette page a-t-elle rpondu ta question ? M. Sarofim, S. Saha, M. Hawkins et al., Ch. Following the directness of the Sun in March and September around the equatorthe ITCZ shifts towards equator. Meteorological data records of daily precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature data of one hundred stations were obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorological Agency for the period from 1980 to 2010. Beginning in the 1960s, GFDL scientists developed the first coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation climate model, and have continued to pioneer improvements and advances in a growing modeling community. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change.
Contour-based spatial rainfall variability of (a) FMAM and (b) JJAS seasons. Very recently, the 2015 El Nio-induced drought has caused food insecurity among 10.2 million people, one of the highest on the record [7]. 24, no. So even if we stopped emitting all greenhouse gases today, global warming and climate change will continue as it has natural source of emission. Ethiopia's average annual temperature has risen between 1955 and 2015 by 1.65c. During kiremt (long rainy) season, maximum seasonal rainfall of453.2mm were recorded while, its minimum value(39.6mm) were received in bega (dry) season, respectively. Her work has appeared in Travel + Leisure, USA Today, Michelin Guides, Hemispheres, DuJour, and Forbes. 3, pp.

Moreover, PDFs are calculated for the baseline period and future projected rainfall and temperature extremes to show the spatiotemporal variability of the projected change under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. This spot where Wolf Point Creek meets Muir Inlet is a dynamic place. The projected extreme maximum and minimum temperatures under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios show a consistent temperature increase throughout the projection period. 9, no. 20, pp. The temperature extremes show significant warming under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 and larger warming under the RCP8.5 scenario, while the diurnal temperature range shows a variable and declining trend over Ethiopia. In many parts of the world, climate change has already caused loss of life, damaging property and affecting livelihoods. When we speak of the latitudinal impact on the climate of Ethiopia and the Horn, we are considering the intensity of temperature in the region. 3, pp. The industrial activities that our modern civilization depends upon have raised atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from 280 parts per million to 400 parts per million in the last 150 years. March 21 marks the offset of the vernal equinox. Mekele's annual temperatures are also relatively consistent, with April, May, and June being the hottest months. This is similar to previous studies of Bekele-Biratu et al. Rainfall during the FMAM season is highly variable in time and space, and also the highest maximum temperature occurs during FMAM. [1], In response to experience, the Ethiopian government began developing a green economy policy to counter climate change under a single policy: the 2011 Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy. The temperature and rainfall of this category is highly suitable for majority of crops grown in Ethiopia. It is increasingly clear that many African countries are already experiencing erratic impacts of climate change [60]. Among the 12, seven of the drought events occurred since 1980.

6, no. E. Bekele-Biratu, W. M. Thiaw, and D. Korecha, Sub-seasonal variability of the belg rains in Ethiopia, International Journal of Climatology, vol. The aim of this study is to show that other variables than minimum temperature could be involved in the malaria dynamics in Ethiopia, from 1985 to 2007. Adaptation is simply defined as adapting to life in a changing climate. Similarly, the nonparametric Sens slope estimator [47, 48] was employed to quantify the slope of rainfall and temperature change over Ethiopia. Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. F. Engelbrecht, J. Adegoke, M. J. Bopape et al., Projections of rapidly rising surface temperatures over Africa under low mitigation, Environmental Research Letters, vol. 5, no. To assess the changes in precipitation patterns and extremes, a number of indicators were calculated based on the ETCCDI definitions (Table 1). Copyright 2019 Asaminew Teshome and Jie Zhang. 200 0 obj <>stream Seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia is driven mainly by the migration of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and there is strong inter-annual variability of rainfall across the country. 35, no. 0000089208 00000 n The goal is to reduce our vulnerability to the harmful effects of climate change such as extreme weather events or food insecurity. Towards Ethiopia's borders, elevations decrease and temperatures rise accordingly. The CRU TS4.01 is discussed at length by the University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit [29] and accessed from https://data.ceda.ac.uk//badc/cru/data/cru_ts/cru_ts_4.01/data/ gridded at 0.5 latitude by 0.5 longitude resolution. A rise in average temperature of about 1.3C has been observed between 1960 and 2006. Rainfall is much more variable in both time and space than other climatic factors.